【英语】英语阅读理解(社会文化)练习题含答案

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类 1．阅读理解

In India, one of the most significant festivals is Diwali, which falls between October and November. It's a five-day celebration that includes good food, fireworks, colored sand, and special candles and lamps.

In honor of Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth, people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare, succcss, and well-being. People welcome the goddess into their homes by decorating entrances with colorful lanterns and traditional designs. In addition, many people treat themselves to fine jewelry, praying for good fortune. Those who cannot afford so much, seek out cheaper items such as clothes or household goods.

The second day of the festival is called Kali Chaudas. For some, the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand.

The third day is when the biggest celebrations occur, which begin early in the morning with a visit to a temple to seek the blessings of the goddess. As the sun sets, festival observers light up their homes with small lamps and enjoy delicious traditional foods with their loved ones. The festival's fourth day is celebrated in many different ways. Friends and relatives visit with gifts, sweets and best wishes for the season.

And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food.

For children in India, Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts, new clothes, amazing food, and, in the past at least, a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations. （1）People celebrate the first day of Diwali mainly for______. A.good fortune. B.colorful lanterns C.expensive jewelry D.traditional designs

（2）What's the probable purpose of creating \"rangoli\" on the floor? A.To design traditional patterns. B.To produce colored powder or sand. C.To help get rid of bad luck.

D.To produce an opportunity in business.

（3）What is a man likely to do on the last day of the festival? A.Exchange gifts and best wishes with his loved ones. B.Be busy decorating his home during the day. C.Get together with his sisters and brothers. D.Light up his home with small lamps.

（4）Which of the following may not be a reason for children's love of Diwali? A.Having a week off.

B.Getting Christmas gifts. C.Enjoying amazing food. D.Setting off fireworks. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。 （1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In honor of Lakshmi，the Hindu goddess of wealth，people make special prayers on the first day to obtain blessings for welfare，succcss，and well-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“For some，the day provides an opportunity to drive away misfortune from homes and businesses. They decorate their homes with clay lamps and create design patterns called rangoli on the floor using colored powder or sand. ”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“And the final day of the festival is called Bhai Oooj. It honors the close bond between brothers and sisters and is observed with traditional ceremonies and more delicious food. ”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“For children in India，Diwali is similar to Christmas. They get all entire week off from school and are treated to gifts，new clothes，amazing food，and，in the past at least，a large number of fireworks. It is no wonder that the festival ranks high among the country's favorite celebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因 为 他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed to \"keep a positive image\" of the city and could help reduce \"tensions\" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual (手册).

Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.

The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the \"dos\" and \"don'ts\" to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely (例行公事) stop them to check their documents.

In the manual, Russia's famous \"three warriors\" are meant to represent the city's law enforcement agencies (执法机关), while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia's language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow's strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.

The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian. \"We want to raise their level of law awareness,\" he added.

Migrant characters had initially (最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book's authors later decided to drop this idea so as \"not to offend anyone\said Mr. Kalinin.

\"The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived,\" Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be \"difficult\" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers. （1）The underlined word \"antagonists\" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by \"________\". A. friends B. acquaintances C. cooperators D. opponents （2）People from other countries come to Moscow \"________\". A. to find well-paid jobs B. to have a new lifestyle C. to enjoy the fine climate D. to experience a new culture

（3）The third paragraph is mainly about \"________\". A. consequences the migrants may suffer B. the purpose of publishing the handbook C. the measures to attract foreign migrants D. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales

（4）Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in Russia B. Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobs C. More and more foreign migrants to work in Moscow D. Moscow fairy tale comics to help migrants behave 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的\"They say a 100-page guide is needed to ‘keep a positive image’of the city and could help reduce \"tensions\" between natives and migrants.\"可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关

系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries.\"可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的\"The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ‘dos’ and ‘don'ts’ to migrants.\"可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的\"Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave.\"可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

March 21 has been declared World Sleep Day, a time to recognize and celebrate the value of sleep. Many sleep experts hope it will be a wake-up call.

According to a poll (民意调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, nearly 4 in 5 Americans don't get as much sleep as they should during the workweek. On average, adults are thought to need at least eight hours of sleep a night, although some can manage with less and some won't do well without more. But the survey found that, on weekdays, only 21% of Americans actually get a full eight hours of sleep, and another 21% get less than six hours.

To many of us, the thought of spending more time sleeping is, well, a big yawn. On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal. And those are just a few of the advantages that can be ours if we consistently get enough sleep, researchers say. Also on the plus side: We're likely to have better skin, better memories, better judgment, and, oh, yes, longer lives.

“When you lose even one hour of sleep for any reason, it influences your performance the next day,” says Dr. Alon Avidan, director of the UCLA Sleep Disorders Center.

A study published last year found the same to be true even of children. When kids aged 8 to 12 slept for just one hour less for four nights, they didn't function as well during the day.

But sleeping has an image problem.“We see napping or sleeping as lazy,” says Jennifer Vriend, a clinical psychologist in Ottawa, Canada, and the leading author of the study with children.“We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat. In fact,”she adds,“no matter how much we work out, no matter how well we eat, we can't be in top physical shape unless we also get plenty of sleep.”

（1）The underlined part in Paragraph 1 means .

A. waking up the sleepers B. drawing people's attention C. serving as a morning call D. declaring the special day （2）From Paragraph 3 we can infer that . A. being healthier is one of the advantages for us B. sleeping has nothing to do with one's expectations C. enough sleep is the guarantee of the appealing things D. spending more time in sleeping is a waste of time

（3）What Jennifer Vriend said in the last paragraph implies that . A. people care little about sleeping B. sleeping is an image problem C. lazy people tend to sleep long D. sleeping is only part of our life （4）What is the purpose of the passage? A. To talk about people's sleeping problems. B. To provide an investigation result of sleeping. C. To stress the function of sleeping at night. D. To arouse the awareness of enough sleep. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，充足的睡眠对我们非常重要,为了引起人们的足够重视,3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日。

（1）考查词义猜测。此处指,睡眠专家希望3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人们对睡眠的重视。由此可知,a wake-up call含有警钟的意思。与B项表述的意思相近,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“On the other hand, the thought of being smarter, thinner, healthier and more cheerful has a certain appeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等,这些都是有吸引力的事情。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“We put so much emphasis on diet, nutrition and exercise. Sleep is in the back seat.”可知,人们注重饮食、营养和锻炼,不很重视睡眠。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Here's a selection of festivals for tourists to the United States in summer. San Francisco Silent Film Festival

Films at this odd cinematic event have a variety of musical accompaniments, including piano and violin. It includes some classic silent movies. If you want to see them all, you can buy a festival pass.

May 29 to June 1; www.silent film.org Union Street Festival

This popular street fair stretches out over six blocks of the city, in the fashionable shopping area of Union Street. This year, there's beer, wine, biscuits tasting and more separate themes-fashion, cuisine, tech, local, craft, and health and fitness. June 7 to 10; www.unionstreetfestival.com North Beach Festival

This is San Francisco's oldest street party, with live entertainment, delicious food and arts and crafts. Situated in the Little Italy district, known for its associations with the “Beat Generation”, festival goers are guaranteed plenty of good Italian food. There is also as the “blessing of the animals”, a San Francisco tradition which takes place at the National Shrine of Saint Francis of Assisi (610 Vallejo Street) at 2 pm on both days of the festival. June 14 to 16; www.sfnorthbeach.org Stern Grove Festival

This is the oldest free summer arts festival of its kind in the United States. It includes a wide variety of acts, from the local symphony orchestra to well known artists such as Smokey Robinson. Sundays from June 22 to Aug 24; www.stemgrove.org

（1）Which of the following festivals contains the most themes? A. Union Street Festival. B. San Francisco Silent Film Festival. C. North Beach Festival. D. Stem Grove Festival. （2）How is North Beach Festival different from the other festivals? A. Festival goers can enjoy food in it. B. It lasts the shortest time.

C. It has the longest history of food. D. Some foreign culture is presented in it. （3）When can you enjoy the oldest arts festival in the United States?

A. Saturdays in July. B. Saturdays in May. C. Sundays in May. D. Sundays in July. 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国旅游时的夏季盛会，即三藩无声电影节、联合大街节、北滩节和斯特恩格罗夫节。

(1)考查细节理解。根据Union Street Festival部分中的“This year, there's beer, wine, biscuits tasting and more separate themes-fashion, cuisine, tech, local, craft, and health and fitness.”可知，今年有啤酒、葡萄酒、饼干品尝和时尚、美食、科技、地方、工艺、健康和健身等多个主题。可知选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据North Beach Festival可知，时间是从June 14 to 16，只有3天。San Francisco Silent Film Festival（May 29 to June 1）4天； Union Street Festival（June 7 to 10）4天；Stern Grove Festival（Sundays from June 22 to Aug 24）时间更长。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据Stern Grove Festival部分中的“This is the oldest free summer arts festival of its kind in the United States.”中，时间在Sundays from June 22 to Aug，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节

信息，并结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Take a look at the following list of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. Read them loud. Now look away and spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying them out loud again. If you speak English, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. If you are Chinese, though, you're almost certain to get it right every time. Why is that? Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.

That example comes from Stanislas Dahaene's book The Number Sense. As Dahaene explains: Chinese number words are remarkably brief. Most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is “si” and 7 “qi”). Their English pronunciations are longer. The memory gap between English and Chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length. It turns out that there is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in Western and Asian languages are constructed. In English, we say fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, so one might expect that we would also say oneteen, twoteen, threeteen, and fiveteen. But we don't. We use a different form: eleven, twelve, thirteen and fifteen. For numbers above 20, we put the “decade” first and the unit number second (twenty-one, twenty-two), while for the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). The number system in English is highly irregular. Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system. Eleven is ten-one. Twelve is ten-two. Twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on. That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children. Four-year-old Chinese children can count, on average, to 40. American children at that age can count only to 15. By the age of five, in other words, American children are already a year behind their Asian friends in the most fundamental of math skills.

The regularity of their number system also means that Asian children can perform basic functions, such as addition, far more easily. Ask an English-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). Only then can she do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. Ask an Asian child to add three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the necessary equation(等式) is right there, in the sentence. No number translation is necessary: it's five-tens-nine.

When it comes to math, in other words, Asians have a built-in advantage. For years, students from China, South Korea, and Japan --- outperformed their Western classmates at mathematics, and the typical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of Asian talent for math. The differences between the number systems in the East and the West suggest something very different --- that being good at math may also be rooted in a group's culture. （1）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The Asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better. B. Western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledge.

C. Children in Western countries have to learn by heart the learning things. D. Asian children's advantage in math may be sourced from their culture.

（2）What makes a Chinese easier to remember a list of numbers than an American?

A. Their understanding of numbers. B. Their mother tongue. C. Their math education. D. Their different IQ.

（3）Asian children can reach answers in basic math functions more quickly because ____________.

A. they pronounce the numbers in a shorter period B. they practice math from an early age

C. they don't have to translate language into numbers first D. American children can only count to 15 at the age of four 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响，同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方：善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。

（1）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响。同时根据第三段中的The number system in English is highly irregular.Not so in China, Japan, and Korea. They have a logical counting system.（英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。他们有一个逻辑计数系统。）及第四段中的That difference means that Asian children learn to count much faster than American children.（这种差异意味着亚洲儿童比美国儿童学的要快得多。）可推知，本文主要探讨了亚洲儿童在数学方面的优势可能来源于他们的文化的问题。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Because we most easily memorize whatever we can say or read within a two-second period. And unlike English, the Chinese language allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.（因为我们最容易记住我们在一两秒钟内能说或读的东西。与英语不同，汉语允许他们把这七个数字放在两秒钟之内）可推知，比起美国人，中国人的母语让中国人更容易记住一列数字。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中对亚洲孩子与美国孩子在基本数学运算方面的对比可知，亚洲儿童可以更快地在基本数学运算中找到答案，是因为他们不必先把语言翻译成数字。故选C。

6．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Climate change is perhaps the key issue of our time. Often, however, it is presented to us as being so abstract that it seems impossibly distant. For those of you looking for something a little more concrete, a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect

coffee.

The report, put out by The Climate Institute, describes the effects of climate change on various coffee-growing nations and the resultant effects on the plants and those who grow them. Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.

In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have notable effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.

Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations (海拔) to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas. Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.

As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.

（1）What does the underlined word \"adversely\" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. slightly B. temporarily C. harmfully D. gradually （2）Why will people have to grow coffee in highland areas?

A. To adapt to the change of temperature. B. To increase the quality of the products. C. To reduce the cost of coffee production D. To get access to water supply more easily. （3）What conclusion can we draw from the last two paragraphs? A. The rich will get richer and the poor poorer. B. Small changes may have large effects in general. C. Developed countries ought to aid poor countries. D. Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world.

（4）How does the author feel about the future of coffee production?

A. Cautious. B. Worried. C. Unconcerned. D. Hopeful. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at

increased risk of the effects of climate change.”这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。\"adversely\"意思是有害的，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.”咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地地区。由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies.”咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段中的“Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.”不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“a new report suggests that the effects of climate change may significantly affect coffee.”一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。和第五段中的“Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by half.”事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders' main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.

Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾) ability. It's a very common thing for gymnasts, so it's easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the \"fliers\" are thrown in the air, held by \"bases\" in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.

Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.

Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.

Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don't use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.

There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach. （1）What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?

A. To compare skills of participants. B. To make the audience feel amused. C. To attract more people to watch events. D. To cheer up the competitors on the court. （2）The underlined word \"integrate\" in Paragraph 2 probably means \"________\". A. examine B. combine C. identify D. replace （3）We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ________. A. lacks necessary guidelines to follow B. enjoys greater popularity than other sports C. requires more designed actions than gymnastics D. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body

（4）Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A. B. C. D.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）B （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竞技啦啦队不同于普通的啦啦队，它是一项具有专业技能的运动，有自己的规则，融入了一些体操的技能。队员必须有团队精神，队员的受伤率很高。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.和Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.”及最后一段中的“There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. ”竞技啦啦队是竞争性的运动，是一项具有专业技能的运动。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy.”通常这些竞技啦啦队长会将他们的体操经验融入其中，包括跳跃、翻滚和总能量。\"integrate\"指整合，结合，融入与combine同义，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.”及“Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.”可知，竞技啦啦队很容易造成队员受伤，会造成身体多个部位的伤害。故选D。

（4）考查文章结构。第一段是总体介绍竞技啦啦队，第二段介绍其包括内容和标准，第三、四段介绍其难度很高，第五段介绍竞技啦啦队受伤率很高。最后一段得出结论竞技啦啦队是一项专业技能的运动。属于总分总结构，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和文章结构三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

At times we all get angry when we are driving. It might be because we are stuck in a traffic jam or stuck behind a very slow driver. It might be because we think another driver has done something very stupid and dangerous. Whatever the reason, it seems that getting angry in a car is something which happens more and more often and there is now a special term for it: \"road rage\". Some experts even think that road rage is a kind of mental illness! How can we recognize this \"illness\" of road rage?

There are two kinds of road rage: aggressive driving and aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving. Aggressive driving can take different forms: Driving much faster than the speed limit. Increasing your speed very quickly.

Driving very close behind the car in front and sounding the horn or flashing the headlights. Changing lanes very suddenly and blocking another car. Moving into a parking space where another ear is trying to park.

There are also different reactions to the way other people are driving. These include:

Making rude signs at people.

Shouting at people and threatening them. Deliberately driving into another person's car. Hitting somebody.

Using a weapon such as a baseball bat, or even a gun or a knife.

Road rage is certainly not a joke. There have been incidents of road rage which have led to serious injuries and even murder. Experts think that one reason for road rage is that films show a lot of examples of fast and aggressive driving such as car chases where this kind of driving seems to be positive.

Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough. Experience shows that driving problems can be controlled，but it takes a long time. In the UK in the last 30 years, he police have been quite successful in reducing the number of people who drink and drive. They are now working to stop people using mobile phones when they are driving. Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.

（1）Which of the following describes aggressive reactions to the way other people are driving？

A. Making polite signs at people.

B. Shouting at people and threatening them. C. Driving much faster than the speed limit.

D. Moving into a parking space where another car is trying to park. （2）Road rage happens possibly because______. A. we are in a fast-changing society B. it won't cause serious injuries or death

C. the drivers themselves have done something stupid

D. the drivers won't get severe punishments for dangerous driving （3）What's the tone of the last paragraph？

A. Sad. B. Cold. C. Optimistic. D. Exciting. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是路怒以及路怒的类型和表现。 （1）考查细节理解。根据对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应介绍中的\"●Shouting at people and threatening them.\"可知，对其他司机大喊或威胁属于对他人驾驶方式的攻击性反应，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"Experts also think that the punishments for dangerous driving are not serious enough.\"可知，专家们认为对危险驾驶的惩罚力度还不够，由此可知，路怒发生的原因可能是危险驾驶而不会受到严厉的惩罚，故选D。

（3）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的\"Let's hope they can have the same success with road rage.\"可知，让我们希望他们在处理路怒上也会取得同样的成功，由此可知最后一段作者的语调是乐观的，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.

A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)，nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can't judge a book by its cover, yet people do \"cover\" themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.

Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers. As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can't expect all our customers are.

There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.

（1）Which of the following is the newspaper editor's opinion according to Paragraph 2? A. People's appearances can messages about themselves. B. Customers' choices influence dress standards in companies. C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. （2）What can be inferred from the text?

A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. B. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. D. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. （3）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Personal Choices Matter B. Appearances Matter C. Employees Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter

（4）The author's attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described .

A. negative B. positive C. enthusiastic D. sympathetic 【答案】 （1）C

（2）D （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 \"A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings, or certain dress styles.\"可知报纸编辑认为有纹身或者鼻环的人也应该被公平对待，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的 \"Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.\" 可知在职场着装不只代表个人形象更代表公司形象，故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。文章主要讲了公司职员的着装是否得体不只代表个人还代表公司，而求职者的着装也会影响招聘经理对其的印象，由此可知文章的主要内容为着装，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的\"There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.\"可知，作者认为求职者因为奇装异服而被公司拒绝是很正常的，因为很少会有公司会为求职者改变标准，求职者应该改变自己来符合公司的要求。由此可知作者对奇装异服的态度是负面的，选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Baths in Japan

In many western countries people do not bathe (沐浴) every day. Sometimes they bathe only once a week. Sometimes they bathe two or three times a week. They do not bathe often because the weather is cold or because hot water is expensive. They use electricity or wood to boil the water. Electricity and wood cost a lot of money. In cold countries people usually do not feel they are dirty if they do not have a bath.

In Japan people bathe very often. Most people have a bath every day. When the weather is hot they sometimes have two or three baths a day. They bathe in very hot water. Usually the water is almost boiling. They believe that these very hot baths also stop them from falling ill.

Each house has its own bathroom but there are also big bathhouses for everybody. They are found everywhere in Japan. In the bathhouse there is one part for men and one part for women. The bath is usually three meters wide, three meters long and about one meter deep: halfway down there is a narrow (狭窄的) seat that goes all the way around the bath. Many people use the bath but it is not dirty. Before a person gets into the big bath, they wash themselves first, and then get into the big bath. The person stays there for a short time. When they get out of the bath,

they wash their body with soap and water. After the soap is all washed away, the person gets into the big bath again. Soap is not used in the big bath.

The water in the big bath is changed quite often. The water is also very hot. In some places people hit the water with sticks first. They do this to make the water cooler. Then the men get into the bath very slowly and carefully. When a man gets into a bath, he says. \"Excuse me.\" He does this because most of the hot water comes directly out of the ground. In other places people boil the water with a big fire. In a small bath at home sometimes people light a fire under the bath. When the water is hot, people in the family take a bath one by one. （1）Which of the following is not true about baths? A. Taking baths can help people relax themselves. B. Taking baths can refresh people. C. Taking baths can keep people clean. D. Taking baths can make people nervous.

（2）What do people use to boil water in many western countries?

A. Electricity. B. Gas. C. Coal. D. Straw. （3）What is the size of a public bath?

A. Three meters long, three meters wide and about three meters deep. B. Three meters long, one meter wide and about three meters deep. C. Three meters long, three meters wide and about one meter deep. D. One meter long, three meters wide and about three meters deep. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了日本泡澡的习俗文化，在日本人们泡澡很频繁，大多数人每天都会泡一次。

（1）考查判断推理。泡澡可以使人们放松、保持清洁和消除疲劳，故A、B和C选项符合泡澡的特点。而D选项：泡澡使人们紧张是错误的，故排除D选项。综上选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They use electricity or wood to boil the water.”可知在很多西方国家人们用电或者木材来烧水，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The bath is usually three meters wide, three meters long and about one meter deep” 公共浴缸通常有三米宽，三米长，大约一米深，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。