1、a cause of action案由 2、social norms 社会标准 3、substantive law实体法 4、procedural law程序法 5、resolve disputes解决纠纷 6、provide for规定 7、be entitled to 有权······ 8、law of contracts合同法 9、private law私法 10、public law公法
11、constitution law宪法
12、administration law行政法 13、criminal law刑法
14、the law of torts 侵权法
15、the civil law system大陆法体系 16、the common law普通法
17、the operation of the judicial processes司法程序的运作 18、the United States Congress美国国会 19、judge-made law判例法 20、judicial decision 司法决定
Lesson two
multi-state transactions 多重性 choice of law 法律的选择 substantive rights实体权利 conflicts of law 法律冲突 choice of forum 法院的选择
courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管辖权法院 courts of general jurisdiction 一般管辖权法院 trial courts初审法院 inferior court低级法院 superior court 高级法院 supreme court最高法院 circuit court 巡回法院 district court区法院 appellate court上诉法院
intermediate appellate court中级宪法 at the discretion of 由······自由裁量
court of limited subject matter jurisdiction 有限对事管辖权法院 the amount in controversy争议数额 diversity jurisdiction多元管辖 federal question联邦问题
the United States Courts of Appeals美国上诉法院 the Court of Appeals for the district of ······特区上诉法院
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the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit联邦巡回法院 the Supreme Court of the United States联邦最高法院 original jurisdiction初审管辖权
Lesson three
judicial process司法程序
serve our purpose达到我们的目的
regulatory and enabling legislation 规范性和授权性法规 the adversary system抗辩制 trial procedure 审判程序
the inquisitorial system纠问制 regulatory legislation规范性法规
direct and cross examination直接质证、间接质证 procedural safeguards程序保障 due process正当程序
on his own case 证明自己的立场
impartial investigation 不偏不倚的调查 resort to law诉诸法律 resort to force诉诸武力 turn on 取决于，依赖
Lesson four
legal relief 法律救济 arbitration仲裁
jurisdiction over the person of the defendant对被告的人身管辖权 courts of original jurisdiction初审管辖权法院 minimum contacts最低限度的联系 be filed with 把······登记备案 service of process送达 give notice to通知
service by publication公告送达 a motion to dismiss驳回动议 pleading-in-answer 答辩状 sue对······提起诉讼 redress纠正，补救 summons传票
affirmative defense积极抗辩 counter-claim反诉
on one’s part(on the part of )就某人而言，在某人一方；某人有责任的 under penalty of （违者）以·······惩治 in essence实质上
default judgment缺席判决
Lesson five
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pre-trial discovery
question sb under oath经宣誓后质问某人 lay a basis for为····打基础 written interrogatories 质询书 the interrogatory party 质询方 discovery devices 取证方法
compulsory physical examination 强制体检 person injury case 人身伤害案 discovery procedures 取证程序 discovery requests 取证要求 the violating party 违反的一方 a pretrial conference 审前会议 summary judgment 即决判决 the opposing party 对方
at the pleading stage 起诉答辩阶段
decide the case in the mover’s favor of 作出有利于动议方的判决 legitimate function 合法功能 a fact of life 无法回避的事实
interrogatory questions 质询的问题 set the case for trial 将案件提交庭审 depose 宣誓作证；选时候录取····的证词 legitimate合法的
Lesson six
the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution 宪法第七修正案 impanel the jury 组成陪审团 challenge for cause 相对异议 peremptory challenges 绝地异议 opening statement 公开声明发言 directed verdict 指令性裁决
find in his favor 作出有利于他的立场判决 non-moving party 非动议方 charge the jury 给陪审团上课 final argument 最后陈述
general information 一般知识 the burden of proof 举证责任
a preponderance of the evidence 优势证据 general verdict 一般裁决 special verdict 特殊裁决 legal effect 法律后果
a nonunanimous verdict 不一致的裁决 post-trial motions 审后动议
judgment notwithstanding the verdict 推翻陪审团裁决的判决
Lesson seven
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render a judgment on default 作出缺席判决 a writ of execution 执行令
judgment creditor 判决债权人 judgment debtor判决债务人 garnishment 扣押 dispose of 把····处理掉 attachment 财产保全 exempt from···· 使····免于，使····不受 set aside 撤回，驳回
judicial proceedings 司法程序 a writ of certiorari 调取卷宗令 reverse the judgment 推翻原判 written briefs 书面摘要
affirm the judgment 维持原判 modify the judgment 改判 written opinion 书面意见书
concurring and dissenting opinion 同意意见和反对意见 set forth 陈述，阐明 res judicata已决案件
Lesson eight
stand trial 出庭受审
no crime without a law 法无明文规定不为罪 due process 正当司法程序 deprive sb of 剥夺某人的···· double jeopardy 一事不再罚 a summary arrest 即行逮捕 pursuant to 遵循
indictment 控告，公诉书 grand jury 大陪审团 booking 入册
an appearance 出庭
a preliminary hearing 预审
information （公诉人的）控告，检察官的起诉书 arraignment （对被告的）传讯 nolo contendere 不争辩，不提异议
plead guilty （对控告）表示服罪，承认有罪 plea bargaining 认罪辩诉协议 narcotics cases 毒品案件
on probation 在缓刑期内，在监外执行期内 suspended sentence 缓刑 conviction 定罪，确认有罪
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