句子合并的语法精彩
英语的句子按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句有五个基本句型：
1.主语+系动词+表语
2.主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）
3.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语
4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
并列句是两个简单句通过and,or, but,so 等连接在一起的句子。
复合句是含有一个或一个以上的从句的句子。从句有名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。
请看下面两个简单句：
1. 他考试不及格。
He didn’t pass the exam.( 主语+谓语+宾语)
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He failed in the exam. (主语+谓语+状语）
2. 他的家人很失望。
His family were disappointed. （主语+系动词+表语）
以上两个简单句，我们怎样才能合并成一个高级的句子呢？最重要的是，我们要理解句子间的逻辑关系，然后用并列句和复合句表达出来。
1. As /Because he hadn’t passed the exam , his family were disappointed.
2. He didn’t pass the exam ,so his family were disappointed.
3.That his family were disappointed was because he hadn’t passed the exam.
4. The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadn’t passed the exam.
5.That he hadn’t passed the exam made his family disappointed.
6.It made his family disappointed that he hadn’t passed the exam.
7.It was that he hadn’t passed the exam that made his family disappointed.
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8.He didn’t pass the exam, and it made his family disappointed.
9. He didn’t pass the exam, which made his family disappointed.
10. After his family learned that he hadn’t passed the exam, they were disappointed.
11.His family were disappointed at the news that he hadn’t passed the exam.
当然，合并简单句不一定非要用并列句和复合句。我们也可以用含非谓语的动词的句子来表达。我们应该知道，状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句都可以相应的转换成介词短语或非谓语动词短语做状语、定语、主语、宾语和表语。这样，我们就可以将复合句转换成高级的简单句。
因为他考试不及格，所以他的家人很失望。
1.As /Because he hadn’t passed the exam , his family were disappointed.
_______________________________________, his family were disappointed.
_______________________________________, his family were disappointed
_______________________________________,he disappointed.
made his family family
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His family were disappointed _______________________________________
2.The reason why his family were disappointed was that he hadn’t passed the exam.
__________________________________,his family were disappointed.
__________________________________made his family disappointed.
3.He didn’t pass the exam, which made his family disappointed.
He didn’t pass the exam, ____________________________________.
4.After his family learned that he hadn’t passed the exam, they were disappointed.
_________________________________________, his family were disappointed.
________________________________________,his family were disappointed.
________________________________________,he disappointed.
made his family family
句子合并的方法多种多样，重要的是清晰句子结构,理清句子逻辑关系，学会分析句子成分。
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即时练习。根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。
1.他很忙，他没来。
1）___________ he was busy, he didn’t come .
2）____________ (be) busy ,he didn’t come .
3)It was because he was busy _________ he didn’t come.
4)He was busy, ________ he didn’t come.
5)He didn’t come _________ he was busy.
6)________ he didn’t come was because he was busy.
7)His not ___________ (come) was because he was busy.
8)The reason why he didn’t come was ______ he was busy.
9)_________ he was busy made him unable to come.
10)__________(he) being busy made him unable to come .
11)He was busy ,and ______ made him unable to come .
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12)He was busy,___________ made him unable to come.
13) He was busy,_______ (make ) him unable to come.
2.杰克出生在英国，他在美国长大。
1）Jack was born in the UK,_________ he grew up in the US.
2)____________ he was born in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.
3)_________ (bear) in the UK, Jack grew up in the US.
4)Jack,_________ was born in the UK, grew up in the US.
5)Jack,_________ (bear) in the UK, grew up in the US.
写作的基本能力是“信息句子化”，在简单句的基础上运用语法知识合并句子，长短结合，体现句子的多样化，增添语言色彩，读起来朗朗上口，从而使写作获高分。
请看下面一篇基础写作
学校英语论坛针对目前城市交通拥堵、污染严重的问题进行了“治堵方案大家谈”的讨论。以下是讨论概要：
治堵方案
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1.少开私家车；多人共乘一辆小车。
2.政府完善公共交通以方便市民。
3.修建绿道（green lanes）, 鼓励骑自行车。
好处：省钱、省时、节能、环保。
【写作内容】
请根据以上概要写一篇短文，包括以下内容：
1.存在的问题；
2.解决的方案；
3.方案的好处。
经过审题，我们可以列出以下的信息点：
1）We had a discussion.
2)Our streets are crowded with traffic. There are too many private cars.
3)The air is seriously polluted.
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4)Some solutions are put forward./ Everyone is encouraged to offer suggestions.
5)Car owners could reduce the use of private cars.
6)They could share their cars with their friends and workmates.
7)The government should do something to improve the public transport system.
8)The government should build more green lanes.
9)The public transport system should be more convenient for citizens.
10)People should be encouraged to use their bicycles.
11)Money ,time and energy will be saved.
12)The measures are friendly to the environment.
请运用我们刚才所提及的名词短语、介词短语、with的复合结构、非谓语短语、并列连词和复合句来整合信息。
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