语言知识运用（五）
1.完形填空
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full __1__ of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not __2__on obvious facts, and therefore __3__to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas __4__ and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of __5__ science may perhaps be considered to __6__ as far back as the __7__ of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived __8__ the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably thefirst in the Middle Ages to suggest that we must learn science __9__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __10__ many important truths.
Galileo (15641642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, __11__ began to show how many important __12__ could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more __13__ towards the earth than small ones, __14__ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the __15__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __16__ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo's __17__ of going direct to Nature, and proving our __18__ and theories by experiment, that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
What __19__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have __20__ better results.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐明自己的观点：一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
1．A.use C．speed 2．A.relied C．insisted
B．time D．trust B．based D．centered
答案：A 根据语境可知，此处是make use of “利用，使用”这一固定词组。
答案：B 根据该空前的“He doesn't accept ideas”和后面的“on obvious facts”可知，此处是be based on/upon这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。
3．A.refuses C．intends
refuses，表示“拒绝”。
4．A.casually C．quickly
B．carefully D．secretly B．desires D．regrets
答案：A 由空格前面的“doesn't accept”和“and therefore”可知，此处应选
答案：B 结合语境“He always checks ideas”和后面的“makes experiments to prove 精品K12教育教学资料
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them”可知，此处表示仔细地核查那些观点。
5．A.natural C．ancient
B．physical D．modern
答案：D 根据下一段的最后一句话中的“that has led to all the discoveries of modern science”可知，此处表示modern science “现代科学”的兴起。
6．A.date C．look
B．keep D．come
答案：A 由下文的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。date back是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”。
7．A.study C．year
个时代。time这里指“时代，年代”。
8．A.both C．between
and连用，表示“在……和……之间”。
9．A.in C．on
B．with D．by B．each D．among B．time D．birth
答案：B 结合空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处表示罗杰·培根那
答案：C 根据空格后面的“the years 1214 and 1292”可知，此处应选between与
答案：D 根据后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们周围的事情并做实验，因此选by。
10．A.brought C．took 了很多重要的真理。
11．A.who C．that
是men，故用who引导定语从句。
12．A.truths C．people
B．problems D．subjects B．when D．where B．discovered D．gave
答案：B 结合空格后面的“many important truths”可知，他本人发现(discovered)
答案：A 结合空格前面的“was the greatest of several great men”可知，先行词
答案：A 由空后的“could be discovered by observation”及上文第10空所在句子可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现。truth “事实，真理”。
13．A.slowly C．lightly
B．rapidly D．heavily
答案：B 结合空格前面的“large bodies fell more”和后面的“towards the earth than small ones”可知，在Galileo之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体自由落体的速度更快，因此选rapidly “迅速地”。
14．A.although 精品K12教育教学资料
B．because
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C．when 德是这样说的。
15．A.place C．top
stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。
16．A.big C．equal
B．small D．unequal B．foot D．ceiling D．if
答案：B 根据 “Aristotle said so”的意思可知，这里表示因为(because)亚里士多
答案：C 结合空格后面的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __16__
答案：D 由第13空中的关键信息“large bodies”和“small ones”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal “不相等的”。
17．A.spirit C．theory (spirit)。
18．A.plans C．world
过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。
19．A.makes C．considers
B．prevents D．promises B．opinions D．ability B．skill D．discovery
答案：A 由后面的 “of going direct to Nature”可知，此处表示探索自然的精神
答案：B 与后面的 “andtheories by experiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通
答案：A 由下文中的“are those whose observations have __20__ better results”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。make “使……变成”符合句意。
20．A.foreseen C．produced
B．rejected D．challenged
答案：C 结合上文中所举的例子可知，观察已经产生(produced)了更好的结果。
2. 语法填空
(2017年广西南宁、钦州市高三二模)
Salt is a musthave seasoning (调味品) in our homes.But 1.________ (have) too much of it may cause health problems, from strokes to heart disease.So should we just give it up? Well, for salt 2.________ (love) who also like to look after their health, the good news is that Japanese scientists have given us a guiltfree way of enjoying the seasoning.They've created an electric saltflavored fork.The Electro Fork can run for six hours without charging and it is 3.________ (help) to give food a salty taste.It 4.________ (develop) by Tokyo University as part of the No Salt Restaurant project in 2016, which aimed to offer either lowsalt 5.________ saltfree food.The restaurant opened 6.________ (it) doors for a trial on April 10.
How do you get to taste salt? All you have to do 7.________ (be) to press the button on the fork.Then it releases an electrical current and stimulates (刺激) your tongue.Apart 8.________ stimulating the tongue to make you taste saltiness, this device can also be used 9.________ (let) you taste sourness.It is based on the fact 10.________ a human tongue feels salty or sour when electricity is applied to it, 精品K12教育教学资料
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according to The Telegraph newspaper.
本文是一篇说明文，介绍日本科学家发明了一种电子咸味叉子，以减少人们食盐的摄入。 1．having 现在分词短语做主语。
2．lovers 从后面的关系词who可以看出，此处要有一个表示人的名词，而从句的谓语是复数，故填lovers。
3．helpful 句意：对于给予食物咸味，它是有帮助的。用形容词词性。
4．was developed 做句子的谓语。表示“被Tokyo University研发”，要用被动语态。时间是“in 2016”，要用一般过去时。
5．or either...or...意为“要么……要么……”。 6．its 修饰doors用形容词性物主代词its。
7．is 做句子的谓语，主语是all，表示“你要做的事”，谓语用单数形式。 8．from apart from意为“除……以外”，为固定搭配。 9．to let be used to do意为“被用来做……”。 10．that 引导同位语从句，表示fact的内容。
3. 语法填空
I'd like to say something about WeChat. Nowadays, it __1__ (become) more and more popular in China. No matter where we are, we can send text or voice messages to our friends. We can also find someone __2__ (talk) to by shaking our cellphones. And WeChat can help search for people __3__ (use) this application nearby. Many people like this function (功能), __4__ it can help them make more new friends.
All in all, WeChat is really __5__ useful chatting (聊天) tool. It allows us to communicate and share our __6__ (feel) with others more easily. However, it may also do harm to people, especially to students. As you see, some people use WeChat for too long every day, which is of course bad __7__ their health. So it is very important that we use WeChat in a correct way. While studying, we should not use it. And we must be careful not to give away too much __8__ (person) information or trust strangers so much. Or we might be easily cheated online.
In a word, we should learn how to use WeChat __9__ (proper). Remember WeChat is not everything in __10__ (you) life.
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。作为一款功能非常强大的交际应用程序，微信已经被广泛使用。但是，我们应该合理使用它。
1．is becoming 根据“nowadays”及“more and more”可知，这里用现在进行时。 2．to talk “to talk to”是动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰不定代词someone。 3．using people是动词use所表示动作逻辑上的主语，故用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。
4．because/for 主句和从句之间在意义上存在因果关系，故用because/for引导原因状语从句。
5．a 微信是一个有用的聊天工具，故用不定冠词。 精品K12教育教学资料
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6．feelings 形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填feel的名词形式feeling的复数形式。feeling意为“情感，感情”。
7．for be bad for ...为固定短语，意为“对……有害”。
8．personal 空格中所填单词在句中修饰名词information，故填person的形容词形式。
9．properly 空格中所填单词在句中修饰动词use，故填proper的副词形式。 10．your 名词前用形容词性物主代词修饰。
4. 短文填空
(2017年河南百校联盟英语试题)
It seems that if the result is bad, which people work for will be meaningless.Personally speak, the process of fighting for the goal is less important than the result.When we fight for our goals, we will be devoted what we are doing and try to improve us.If we fail in the end, when we look back on the beginning, we will find that we are no longer the childish one.We have grown up.What's the more, in the process of fighting, we got close to success, as the saying goes that failure are the mother of success.So don't treat the result so serious; just enjoy the process.
第一处：which→what。what 引导主语从句，做从句中work for的宾语。
第二处：speak→speaking。personally speaking就我个人而言，是固定用法。 第三处：less→more。过程比结果“更重要”。
第四处：devoted后加to。be devoted to投入于，是固定搭配。 第五处：us→ourselves。我们要提高“我们自己”，用反身代词。 第六处：one→ones。这里代替的是we，要用复数ones。
第七处：去掉the。What's more是固定搭配，意为“更重要的是”。 第八处：got→get。这里讲的是一贯的事情，应用一般现在时。
第九处：are→is。主语是failure，是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。
第十处：serious→seriously。修饰谓语treat做状语，用副词seriously。
5. 短文改错
Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons. She is always one of the top student in our class. She loves the music so much that she made it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time. Alice is always willing to help other, and she often helps us with our lessons. As a volunteer, she has successful organized some voluntary activities. We paid a visit a nursing home last month, so we picked up rubbish near our school. That we did was warmly welcomed. Win honor for our school, Alice is well known to us classmates.
答案：
Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons. She is always one
①much
of the top student in our class. She loves the＼ music so much that she made it a rule
②students
③
④makes
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to enjoy songs in her spare time. Alice is always willing to help other， and she
⑤others
often helps us with our lessons. As a volunteer, she has successful organized some
⑥successfully
voluntary activities. We paid a visit ∧ a nursing home last month, so we picked
⑦to
⑧and
up rubbish near our school. That we did was warmly welcomed. Win honor for our
⑨What
⑩Winning
school, Alice is well known to us classmates.
1．many→much 考查限定词。energy作“精力；活力”之意时，为不可数名词，应用much修饰；many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。
2．student→students 考查名词的复数。student为可数名词，其前有one of ...，表示“……之一”，因此，此处应用复数形式。
3．去掉music前的the 考查冠词。music为抽象名词，此处表泛指，其前不加定冠词。故将the删除。
4．made→makes 考查动词的时态。根据“in her spare time”可知，此处描述的是通常的情况，故用一般现在时，与前面的She loves时态一致。
5．other→others 考查不定代词。根据下文中的“she often helps us with our lessons”可知，艾丽斯总是乐于帮助其他人，应用代词others，表泛指。
6．successful→successfully 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，organized为动词，故用副词修饰。
7．visit后加to 考查固定搭配。pay a visit to ... 为固定搭配，意为“拜访……”。 8．so→and 考查连词。根据语境可知，上个月我们做了两件事，“去了疗养院”及“在学校附近捡垃圾”，不存在因果关系，两者之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。
9．That→What 考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，本句是含有主语从句的主从复合句，从句中谓语动词did之后缺宾语，故用what引导该从句，意为“我们做的事受到了热烈的欢迎”。
10．Win→Winning 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语为Alice, is为谓语，故此处应用非谓语动词形式，又因Alice与win之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此，应用现在分词作状语。
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