(1) So... that和such…that
在so... that 结构中，若将so + adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如：
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
类似地，当such…that…结构的such…置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如：
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑
(2) 表语或状语置于句首时的完全倒装
有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：
By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人
的漂亮姑娘。
Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。
(3) as、though引导让步状语从句时的倒装四类
Tired形容词 as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。
Try 动词as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。
Search 动词as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。
Hard 形容as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
Boy 名词as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。名词前不要冠词的
Much副词 as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 虽然我很喜欢你，但我不能和你一起生活。
（4）非谓语动词置于句首的倒装
有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
（5）以频度副词开头引出的倒装
以always, usually, often, now and then, many a time, every day等频度副词位于句首，且表示强调时，用部分倒装；但若不强调时，也可不用倒装。如：
Often did he come here with a good smile on his face. 他来这里时，脸上挂着笑容。
Often did we warn him not to do so. 我曾常常警告他不要那样做。
Often he walked. 他过去经常步行。
Then did I throw myself into a chair, exhausted. 这时我累得一下就坐在椅子上了。
Then I went back to my own room. 于是我回到自己的房间去。
（6）表示祝愿的句子的倒装
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
Long live the People’s Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you have a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
(7)否定词句首
否定词no, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, never，或半否定词hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, few, 否定词的短语not until, by no means, not only…but also…, in no way, neither …nor…, in no time, no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, 及频度状语副词every day, every other day, many a time, often等位于句首时，一般须部分倒装。如：
Neither do I know him. 我也不认识他。
No word did he say before he left. 他一句话没说就走了。
Little did I know about it. 我对它了解得不多。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
Little did he know that the police were after him. 他一点也不知道警察在找他
Little did he know that the police were after him. 他一点也不知道警察在找他。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
Never does he come late. 他从不迟到。
By no means shall I go there again. 我决不会再去那儿了。
Few students did they see in the classroom. 他们在教室没看到几个学生。
Not a word did I ever say to him. 我从未对他说过一句话。
Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。
By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。
Under no circumstances are children allowed in the bar. 在任何情况下也不能允许儿童进酒吧
但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：
In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he come, but also he brought us good news.
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。
No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. 她刚同意嫁给他
No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞
Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他一到车站，火车就开动了。
Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 直到河里的鱼全死了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严
Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的价值。
（8）only 句首
1. “only+副词”位于句首：
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. The pilot reassured the passengers.
Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
2. “only+介词短语”位于句首：
Only by working hard can you succeed. 只有努力工作你才能成功。
Only in the reading-room can you find him. 你只有在阅览室才能找到他。
3. “only+状语从句”位于句首：
Only after she died was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。
Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 一个人只有在失去自由后才知道自由的可贵。
注意：若位于句首的不是only+状语，而是 only+宾语等，则通常无需倒装(但有时也可以倒装)：
Only a policeman the children saw in the street. 孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。
Only one more point will I make. 我只再说明一点。
（9）介词短语置于句置时的倒装说明
■在通常情况下，介词短语置于句置时其后的句子是不用倒装的。如：
At the end there may be an index. 结尾处可能有索引。
On the platform she kissed her mother.
Before the meeting I looked through the reports.
From the balloon we could see the town far below. 从热气球上我们可以看到下方远处的小镇。
■但是，有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将用作地点状语的介词短语置于句首，此时句中主语和谓语完全倒装。这类句子所涉及的动词通常是表示姿势的不及动词(如crouch, hang, lie, sit, stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词（如come, die, go, run, live, rise等）。如：
On the door hung a big sign. 门上挂着一个大招牌。
Over the wall came a shower of stones. 从墙上飞来一阵石块。
Round the comer came Mrs Porter. 波特夫人在拐角上出现了。
On the top of the hill stood an old castle. 山丘上有一座古堡。
Under the road run pipes for gas and water. 在马路下面铺着煤气管道和自来水管。
Before them lay miles of undulating moorland. 他们前面是一片高低起伏的荒原。
■少数情况下，及物动词的被动语态有时也可以倒装。如：
In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。
■另外，有时用于句首的介词短语也可能是句子表语，此时要注意其中的谓语应与其后
的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：
In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
（10）非谓语动词置于句首时的倒装
1. 现在分词置于句首时引出的倒装
Lying on the couch is an old lady. 躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。
Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。
Leading to the park is a very delightful road. 通向公园去的是一条非常宜人的路。
2. 过去分词置于句首时引出的倒装
Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。
有时置于句首的过去分词可能已转化为形容词，为句子的表语。如：
Seated on the grass are some students singing and laughing. 一些学生坐在草地上，唱着、笑着。
Gone are the days when they could to what they liked to the Chinese people.
他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
3. 不定式置于句首时引出的倒装
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
（11） “so+助动词+主语”倒装
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。
He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。
She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美，她妈妈年轻时也很美。
so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：①内容是肯定时，用so，内容是否定时，
用neither或nor；②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did；③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如：
You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
(12)虚拟语气倒装
① Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.
② Should I be free, I would come .
③ Were she my daughter, I could suggest a different plan .
涉及倒装的13个高考英语高频考点
1. 考查never置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）
(1 Never in my wildest dreams _________ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
(2) Never before _________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为DD）
(1) Little _________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little _________ they know about German (天津卷)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为BA）
(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made.
A. we receive B. do we receive
C. we received D. did we receive
(2) Seldom _________ an article that was so full of lies.
A. have I read B. I have read C. had I read D. I had read
4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）
Hardly _________ Edinburgh than they were ordered to return to London.
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. have the reached D. they have reached
5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案分别为AC）
(1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _________ than it happened. (天津卷)
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
(2) No sooner _________ mowing the lawn than it started raining.
A. have I started B. I have started
C. had I started D. I had started
6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为D）
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷)
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）
_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为B）
Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realized
10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为DA）
(1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
(2) _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
11. 考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为BB）
(1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
(2) So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：（答案为CA）
(1) — My room gets very cold at night.
— _________. (江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
(2) —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. _________ yesterday. (福建卷)
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装
nor [neither] do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：（答案为B）
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _________. (全国II)
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
【倒装专练】
1. So _________ that even the people in the next room could hear him.
A. loudly he spoke B. he spoke loudly
C. loudly did he speak D. loudly spoke did he
2. Only when one loses freedom _________ its value.
A. does one know B. one does know
C. does know one D. know one does
3. He never went to see her again, _________ to apologize.
A. nor did he write B. nor he did write
C. he did write D. nor he wrote
4. _________ to sleep than the telephone rang once again.
A. No sooner had he gone B. No sooner did he go
C. He no sooner went D. He had gone no sooner
5. No sooner _________ down than the phone rang.
A. had I sat B. I had sat
C. have I sat D. I have sat
6. No sooner _________ than he was asked to leave again.
A. has he arrived B. he has arrived
C. had he arrived D. he had arrived
7. Little _________, but we’re flying to Geneva next weekend to celebrate his birthday.
A. does he know B. he knows
C. knows him D. did he know
8. Never in my wildest dreams _________ to win first place last time.
A. I expected B. did I expect
C. I have expected D. have I expected
9. Never before _________ so many people here are still starving.
A. had I known B. I had known
C. have I known D. I have known
10. Little _________ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care
C. he cares D. he cared
11. Only after my friend came _________.(from www.nmet168.com)
A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
12. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
13. Only by shouting _________ to make himself heard.
A. he was able B. was he able
C. he did able D. did he able
14. Only when we landed _________ how badly the plane had been damaged.
A. we realized B. did we realize
C. had we realized D. we had realized
15. _________ was the attack that we had no time to escape.
A. So sudden B. Too sudden
C. So suddenly D. Too suddenly
16. Not only _________ a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
A. do the nurses want B. the nurses want
C. did the nurses want D. the nurses wanted
17. Not only _________ to her, I even got her autograph!
A. I spoke B. did I speak
C. I have spoken D. have I spoken
18. The service was terrible and _________ the food.
A. so that B. so as
C. so was D. so as to
【参考答案】1—5 CAAAA 6—10 CABCB 11—15 CBBBA 16—18 ABC
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