动名词的用法

你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？ 1. The girl is singing a song.

2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)

Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)

2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint)

从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。

二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子：

Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.

上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。

注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法

一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 1.1 作主语

1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)

3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking)

1.2 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 1.3 主语置于句尾 1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English.

2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染). 1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型 1. It is no use learning theory without practice. 2. It is no fun being lost in rain.

1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration. 1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型 1. There is no joking about such matters.

2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处) 二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)

2.1 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）

1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)

2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling) 3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking)

注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有： dislike 厌恶 admit 接受 repent 后悔 acknowledge 承认

enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否认 postpone 延迟 resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒风险 finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽误 consider 认为 fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象 resist 抵制 suggest 建议 …… 还有短语类：

keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃 put off 延迟 leave off 停止 burst out 闯出 ……

再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下： 1. I prefer living in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living) 2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live) 像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有： allow deserve neglect attempt fear omit begin hate

permit bother intend cease like recommend continue love start stop forget regret propose try continue remember need ……

其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi……

2.2 作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)

1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving) 2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)

3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)

4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding) 注意：在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉： 1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises. 2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.

3. There is no use (in) talking with him now. 4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths? 2.3 作\"名词+介词\"的宾语 请看下列的句子：

1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾语speaking) 2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语studying) 这一类\"名词+介词\"的还有：

danger of fear of objection to

delight to habit of opportunity for /of excuse for experience in love in reason for ……

三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)

什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的\"主语\"，也就称为\"逻辑主语\"，一般位于动名词的前面。

3.1 在动名词前加\"物主代词（如：my, his...)\"或\"名词所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's...)\" 1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming）

2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主语Tom,动名词escaping)

3.2 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加\"物主代词\"或\"名词所有格\" 1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking) 2. He insisted on Mary's staying there. (逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying) 注意：作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时，则用通格（of the):

1. I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate friends. （逻辑主语news)

3.3 在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：

3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时: 1. I remember all of them saying it .

3.3.2 数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old...)作逻辑主语时： 1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe it.

3.3.3 结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语，或受从句或短语修饰时：

1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder? 四、动名词的语态 4.1 被动式(being + v-ed)

当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。 1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech. 2. They couldn't stand being treated(被对待) like that. 4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)

动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。

1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.

2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.

4.3 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)

1. I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team. 2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)rudely. 4.4 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动 语态来表示被动的意思。

1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水）.

2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回答). 五、作定语 （Attribute）

动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。 1. sleeping car 卧车 2. walking stick 手杖 3. printing shop 印务馆 4. reading room 阅读室

5. swimming pool 泳池 6. washing machine 洗衣机 7. dining room 饭厅 六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子 句(Adverbial Clauses) 例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the following number:... 2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the following number:... 第二个句子的\"In case of \"动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 \"Incase\" 副词子句。 下列都是这类例子：

1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of ) 2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite) 3. For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)

4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by) 5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)

6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of ) 7. The girl left without saying a word. (without) 8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)

9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)

10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England. (after) 11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)

12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on) 13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since) 练习题

1) Mark often attempts to escape _D___ whenever he BReaks TRaffic regulations. A)shavingsbeen fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined

2) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate __D__ from you sometime. A) to have heard B) to hear C) for hearing D) hearing 3) The thief took away the woman's wallet without__A__. A) being seen B) seeing C) him seeing D) seeing him

4) People appreciate _C___with him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1) A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) have working 5) I've enjoyed _B___ to talk with you.

A) to be able B) being able C) to been able D) of being able

6) No one can avoid __B__ by advertisements. A) to be influenced B) being influenced C) influencing D) shavings influence

7) They are considering __C__ before the prices go up.

A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house

8) He thought that __C__.

A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effort was not worth in doing the job C) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job

9) If I had remembered __A__ the door, the things would not have been stolen. A) to lock B) locking C) to have locked D)shavings locked 10) Your shirt needs ___C_. You'd better have it done today. A) iron B) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed

11) You can't help __C__ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A) to hear B) to be heard C) hearing D) with hearing 12) My TRansistor radio isn't working. It _C___. A) need repairing B) needs to repair

C) needs repairing D) need to be repaired 13) It is no use _B___ me not to worry. A) you tell B) your telling

C) for you to have told D)shavings told

14) He is very busy _B__ his papers. He is far too busy ____ callers. A) to write...to receive B) writing...to receive C) writing...receiving D) to write...for receiving

15)The suspect at last admitted __A__ stolen goods but denied ____ them. A) receiving...selling B) to receive...to sell

C) to receiving...to selling D) to have received...to have sold 16) She apologized for _A___ to come.

A) her not being able B) her being not able C) not being able D) that she's not able to

17)I really appreciate _C___ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself. A) you to offer B) that you offer

C) your offering D) that you are offering

18) Please stop __D__, boys, I have something important to ____ you. A) saying ...talk B) telling ... say

C) talking ...speak D) talking ... tell

19) Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty __B__ his tape recorder? A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix

20)\"Why isn't Nancy going to meet us?\"\"It's my fault. I forgot all about __A__ her.\" A) telephoning to B) to telephone

C) to telephone to D) the telephoning to

21)\"Why were you late?\"\"I had a hard time _D___ up this morning.\" A) to get B) get C) got D) getting

22)I remember _B___ to help us if we ever got sintos TRouble.

A) once offering B) him once offering C) him to offer D) to offer him

23)John regretted __A__ to the meeting last week. A) not going B) not to go

C) notshavingsbeen going D) not to be going

24) It is difficult to get used __B_ in a tent after shavingsa soft, comforTABLE bed to lie on.

A) sleep B) to sleeping C) slept D) to sleep

25) He gives people the impression _C___ many poems. A) of shavingswritten B) to have written C) of being written D) to write

26) Do you feel like _D___ out or would you rather ____ dinner at home? A) going...to have B) to go...to have C) to go...having D) going...have

27) Prior to _A___ the formal speech, first he will inTRoduce himself. A) delivering B) deliver

C) being delivering D) being delivered

28)I don't mind __D__ by bus, but I hate ____ in queues. A) to TRavel...standing B)shavingsTRaveled...standing C) TRaveling...to stand D) TRaveling...standing

29)What about ___C_ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go____ next week.

A) buying...to shop B) buy...shopping C) buying...shopping D) to buy...shopping

30) We had some TRouble _B___ the house and nobody seemed ____swheresit was. A) in finding...knowing B) finding...to know C) to find...knowing D) to find...to know

31)We can't imagine _B___ in the enTRance examination, for she has never been to school. A) she succeeding B) her succeeding C) she succeed D) her to succeed 32)I don't like __A__ at me. A) them laughing B) their laugh

C) them laugh D) them to have laughed

33)We suggested _A___ in hotels but the children were anxious ____ out. A) sleeping...to camp B) sleeping...camping C) to sleep...to camp D) to sleep...camping

?34)I have no OBJECTion _B___ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending

35) After __A__ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D)shavingsinterviewed

36)The match was cancelled because most of the members ___A_ a match without a standard court.

A) OBJECTed toshavingsB) were OBJECTed to have C) OBJECTed to have D) were OBJECTed to having

37)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy __C__ for her examination.

A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared

38)It is no good __A__ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have

learned.

A) TRying to B) to TRy to C) TRy to D) TRied to

39)After __D__ him better, I regretted ____ him unfairly. A) getting to know...to judge

B) getting to know...to have judged C) getting to have know...judging D) getting to know...having judged

40)He is looking forward to __C__ his holiday in Britain. A) spend B) have spent

C) spending D)shavingsbeen spending

41) Before __D__ the house, you should get a surveyor____ over it. A) buying...looking B)shavingsbought...to look C) buying...to have looked D) buying...to look

42)In some counTRies people favor __C__ together even though there is much more space. A) to stay B) stay C) staying D) stayed

43)\"Why was Fred so upset?\"\"He isn't used _C___ criticized.\" A) be B) to be C) to being D)shavingsbeen

44) It's no use _B___ to get a bargain these days. A) to expect B) expecting C) wanting D) you expect

45)\"Why were you so late for work today?\"\"__A__ to the office was very slow this morning because of the TRaffic.\"

A) Driving B) I drove

C) To drive D) That I drove

46)It was impolite of him __A__without ____good-bye. A) to leave, saying B) leaving, to say C) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying 47) He kept __C__to his parents.

A) putting off to write B) to put off to write C) putting off writing D) to put off writing

48)I'll go with you after I get through with _A___the house. A) cleaning B) to cleaning

C) to be cleaned D)shavingscleaned

49) With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldn't resist __C__four pounds. A) to take B) took C) taking D) have taken

50)How can you keep the machine _C___when you are away? A) run B) to run C) running D) being run

动名词

Ⅰ.单项选择 (45%)

1.No one enjoys (C)at.

A.laughing B.to laugh

C.being laughed D.to be laughed

2.You must do something to prevent your house (B) . A.to be broken in B.from being broken in C.to break in D.from breaking in 3.They insisted on (C)another chance to try. A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given

4.—Where is my passport? I remember (C)it here.

—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it with you all the time. A.to put；to take B.putting；taking C.putting；to take D.to put；taking

5.His room needs (A), so he must have it A.painting； painted B.painted； painting C.painting； painting D.painted； painted

6.After finishing his homework he went on (D)a letter to his parents. A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write

7.The young trees we planted last week require (A) with great care. A.looking after B.to look after C.to be looked after D.taken good care of 8.Only(D)English doesn't mean ( ) the language. A.to learn；to learn B.learning；learning

C.learning about；learn D.learning about；learning

9.She returned home only to find the door open and something (C) . A.missed B.to be missing C.missing D.to be missed

10.She decided to devote herself (C) the problem of old age. A.to study B.studying C.to studying D.study

11.Remember (C)the newspaper when you have finished it. A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back

12.As she is looking forward to (B)from me, please remember ()this letter on your way to school.

A.hear；post B.hearing；to post

C.be heard；posting D.be hearing；to posting

13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble(C) your handwriting. A.to read B.to see C.reading C.in seeing 14.Writing stories and articles (A)what I enjoy most. A.is B.are C.was D.were 15.We appreciate (C)us to the ball. A.them to invite B.to invite C.their inviting D.being invited

16.Would you mind (C)quiet for a moment? I'm trying ()a form. A.keeping；filling out B.to keep；to fill out C.keeping；to fill out D.to keep；filling out 17.He was afraid (B) for being late.

A.of seeing B.of being seen C.to be seen D.to have seen 18.I'd like to suggest (B)the meeting till next week.

A.to put off B.putting off C.put off D.to be put off

19.I don't see how I could possibly manage(B) the work without () .

A.finish；helping B.to finish；being helped C.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped 20.Anything worth (A) is worthy of ()well. A.doing；being done B.doing；doing

C.to be done；to be done D.to be done；being done

21.We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted (D) the work. A.finish B.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing

22.I delayed (B)your letter because I had been away for a week. A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post

23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape (C)by the police.

A.to be caught B.he caught C.being caught D.catching

24.I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I () it at home. Then I remembered (D)it out to pay for the taxi.

A.must have left；to take B.may leave；taking

C.might leave； to take D.could have left；taking

25.(B) the news of his father's death, he burst into tears. A.After hearing B.On hearing C.While hearing D.Having heared

26.(C) his mother, the baby could not help() . A.To see；to laugh B.Seeing； to laugh C.Seeing；laughing D.To see；laughing 27.It's no use (C)so much money on clothes. A.spend B.spent

C.spending D.being spent

28.The sentence needs (C) A.improve B.a improvement C.improving D.improved

29.If he succeeded (C)a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now. A.to find B.to look for C.in finding D.in looking for 30.I still remember (C)to my home town when I was young.

A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.to take Ⅱ.填入动名词的适当形式(25%)

1.Can you imagine yourself (Staying)in a lonely island? (stay) 2.I can't understand your (laughing)at that poor child.(laugh) 3.She didn't mind (working)overtime.(work)

4.To make a living, he tried (writing), and various other things, but he had failed in (painting)all .(write; paint)

5.We are looking forward to Mary's(coming). (come)

6.She was praised for (having saved)the life of the child.(save)

7.She ought to be praised instead of (being criticzing). (criticize). 8.Is there any possibility of our(winning) the championship?(win) 9.He came to the party without (being inviting). (invite) Ⅲ.将下列句子译成英语(30%) 1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.

my favoriting sport is swimming 2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.

it's no using going there , He won't be in 3.你写完作文了吗?

Have you finished writing your composition ? 4.请原谅我来晚了.

Excuse me for being late 5.他不声不响地走了进来.

He entered the room without making any noise 6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.

He entered the room without being seen .