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读写结合——英语学习的必由之路

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读写结合——英语学习的必由之路

当前,随着新课程改革不断地深入,外语教学的重点是培养学生的综合语言运用能力,即听、说、读、写四种能力融为一体的综合能力,而写的能力在它们中要求最高,直接反映学生的语言水平。但是写作一直是初中英语教学的薄弱环节,长期以来形成了对待英语写作“学生发憷,教师犯难”的现象。在我对本地区中考书面表达成绩进行调研时也发现,考生的英语表达中存在表达不得体、词汇贫乏、语法错误较多、词序颠倒、句子之间缺乏逻辑性、句式单一、惯用中国式表达等现象。初中阶段没有开设专门的 写作课程,教师对学生进行的写作训练也比较少,大部分是在初三时进行突击。这种“临时抱佛脚”的训练方法违背了循序渐进的原则,不能切实提高学生的写作能力。不少教师对阅读教学还停留在知识点的讲解上,缺少对文章结构的分析和对一些与文章主题相关的词汇和句型的输入。针对以上问题我在教学中采用了读写结合的模式,试图找到读与写 的最佳结合点,以提高学生的写作水平。阅读是输入的核心方面,写作是输出的重要环节,读写结合是输入与输出结合的方式之一。下面以一节真实的课例(九年级Unit 13 Section B 3a Advertising : pros and cons )为例来谈谈我对读写结合方法的认识。教学案例Step1.Leading in: Watch a short video about some ads to lead to the new class.T:Just now,we watch a short video about some ads. Do you know ads?Ads means advertisements.(板書ads advertisements) What do you think of ads?I think ads are like air,they are everywhere. How do you like these ads?OK! I’ll show you some ads to help you answer this question.(PPT展示一些有代表性的广告,如图一)(意图:视频导入,先抓住学生的眼球。然后问学生对广告的看法,这时学生的回答还不够全面,只能用一些interesting,useful,misleading,creative,等词来回答,这样,让学生产生一种信息差,更有利于以后的学习,就像先挤出海绵里的水更有利于下一次吸水一样。)T:It doesn’t matter if you can’t say a lot about ads because we’ll mainly talk about ads in this class.Step1.Listen to the article and fill in the blanks.1.They can also help you .2.Ads also tell you when stores are . 3.Others hate ads,saying that they make our cities and countryside . 4.However,some advertising can be or . Step2.Read quickly and judge T or F according to the article.1. Most people like ads.2. Some hate ads because they think ads make our cities and countryside look ugly.3. Young people could hardly see any ads in a week.4. Advertisements are all bad for our lives.5. Some ads can help us compare two different products and help us save money.6. Some ads don’t tell us the real quality of the products.(意图:通过快速阅读捕捉文章中的重要信息,让学生对文章中的细节有进一步的了解,为下面的归类填表做铺垫)Step3. Read carefully and fill in the chart:Advertising: pros and cons AdvantagesSome ads can .They can help you to .They can also help you . Ads tell you when stores are DisadvantagesAds make .Ads can be .An ad can lead you . (意图:通过这几个听读任务的完成,学生已经能够抓住文章的重点:广告的优缺点。这时安排学生填这个表格,加深学生对广告有缺点的认识,并启发学生进一步思考广告还有哪些优缺点,为下一步的辩论赛做准备。)Step4. Have a debate about the pros and cons of ads.(意图:为了进一步加深对广告有缺点的认识,并形成发散性思维,把全班分成男生组和女生组,一方说优点,另一方说缺点,展开辩论赛,气氛热烈,把

本节课推向一个小高潮。最后,再把老师总结的广告的优缺点用PPT展示给学生,做有益的补充。)Advantages1.Ads can you help us save money. 2.Ads can tell you when stores are having sales. 3.Ads can help you to compare products.4. Ads can give us quick information about new products.5.An ad is an art creation itself.6.Ads can increase sales.Disadvantages1.Ads make our cities and countries look ugly. 2.Ads can be confusing and misleading.3.Ads can lead you to buy something useless.4.Ads can waste our time.5. Ads interrupt(打断) the TV program.Step5. Analysis of the structure of the article.(意图:先让学生给文章分段,有的同学说分两段,有的说分三段。本篇文章结构属于总分总形式的,但开头和结尾中也融入了广告优缺点的内容,结尾也不是很明显。学生要是仿照这种写法会很困难,所以建议学生在平时的写作中可以加一个明显一些的结尾。并让学生给这篇文章也加一个更好的结尾,可以给一些短语作为支架,如be careful with,It’s clever of to do…,You’d better…。通过辩证的思考教材文本,让学生学会质疑,告诉他们包括老师和教科书,没有绝对的权威,学习和解决问题都要多质疑才能收获更多。对于不同的学生,也没有哪种方法是最好的,只有最适合自己的方法才是最实用的。最后的添加结尾也让同学们形成发散性思维,知道:只要言之有理,条条大路都可以通罗马。)〖BP(〗Step7.Summarize “Hamburger Writing”.T:Sometimes an article is like a hamburger. We need to introduce our subject at first. This part is called “Introduction”. Then we should say a lot of things to explain our ideas. This part is called “Supporting details”. Pay attention to writing from the two sides,because “ Each coin has two sides.” Everything has its advantages and disadvantages. And in order to make our article smooth and better,we usually need to add some conjunctions to the article,such as “at first,at last,so that,what’s more on the one hand,on the other hand,however,but,in a word,in all”and so on. At last,we need to summarize what I want to say. It’s called “Conclusion”. This writing method is called “Hamburger Writing”. It’s very popular in exams. It can help you get high marks. Do you like high marks?OK. Try to use it.(意图:给同学们介绍一种比较实用的写作方法,并告诉他们里面应该注意的事项,有利于学生对篇章结构的构建。)〖BP)〗Step6. Group work:Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.Introduction:良好开端1.Nowadays,Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.2.Some people think that …others believe that the opposite is true.Supporting details:精品词汇waste time,playing online games,relax ourselves,it’s convenient for us to,sending e-mails,chatting online,in our free time绝妙衔接on the one hand,on the other hand,in my opinion,however,as a result,besides,because,but,so,if,whether,what is more,not only…but alsoConclusion:成功收口1.In my opinion,we should make good use of Internet. 2.In a word,we must know how to use the Internet correctly.( 意图:网络在现代生活中起着重要作用,它是一把双刃剑,而且学生对此也很熟悉,有话可说。老师先给出一些展示网络作用的图片,作为辅助支架,让同学们小组讨论网络的优缺点,然后再给出一些篇章上的支架,如开头,结尾,中间的短语,连接词等。这样同学们可以很快地构架起篇章结构,并在同学们的相互帮助中添枝加叶,使文章更丰满。让后小组内口头作文,要求最好不再拿着稿看,这样就拆除了支架,真正内化为学生自己的东西,学生在此过程中会受益匪浅。) Step9.Homework:Finish the composition about the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet.(意图:在课后让学生把口头

作文落实到纸上,在这个过程中学生又会发现一些问题,比如不会拼写的词,怎样检查写好的作文等。)在使用一段时间这种读写结合的教学模式后,我发现这种方法有很多积极的作用。首先,读写结合可以帮助学生认真阅读课文、深入理解 文本。好的“读后写”任务可以促使学生更有目的地深入理解课文细节,领悟课文内涵,发现段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系,体验内涵的情感等,从而获得对课文内容完整而深透的理解。其次,读写结合可以帮助学生发展语篇能力和语用能力。针对课文整体意义的“读后写”可以引导学生从语篇层次上把握课文内容,认识语篇的结构层次和意图层次及其之间的关系,增强语篇意识,提高他们对文本中字词、短语、句型结构等的表情达意功能的敏感度,有利于培养学生谋篇布局、完整、连 贯、得体表达的能力,从而提高运用英语的能力。

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