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(英语)英语定语从句答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

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(英语)英语定语从句答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

一、定语从句

1.I hate people talk much but do little. A.whose 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析:句意:我讨厌那些说的多却做的少的人。句中所缺的是定语从句的关系词,先行词是people,指人,而且关系词在从句中做主语,故选C。whose既指人也指物,在从句中做定语;whom指人,在从句中做宾语;which指物,可做主语和宾语。 考点:考查定语从句

B.whom

C.who

2.I like listening to music______ can touch the heart of people. A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】

句意:我喜欢听能触动人心的音乐。考查定语从句引导词。what不引导定语从句,可排除。that可指人指物;who指人;where指地点。本句先行词music是物,引导词做从句的主语,需用that引导;根据句意语境,可知选A。

B.who

C.where

D.what

3.Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people. A.which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

句意:诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人,他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。空格前名词man意为“人”,是先行词,后面是用来修饰这个名词,是定语从句部分,先行词指人,在定语从句中做主语,可以使用关系代词who/that,不能使用which(指物)/whose(指所属关系),what不能用来引导定语从句,故选B。

B.who

C.whose

D.what

4.Do you have books about famous scientists ________ are suitable for children to read? A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

句意“你有关于科学家方面的适合小孩子读的书吗?”。本题考查定语从句。A.定语从句中没有what;B.which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C.who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;D.whom指人,在从句中作宾语。根据句意可知,先行词为books指物,在从句中作主

B.which

C.who

D.whom

语,故选B。

5.All the children like the teachers ________ can understand them. A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

句意:所有的孩子都喜欢能理解他们的老师。

本句是一个定语从句,先行词teachers是人,而且关系词在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词who引导此定语从句,故选C。

B.which

C.who

D.whose

6.This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A.that 【答案】A 【解析】

句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时,引导词应用that。

结合句意和语境可知选A。

点睛:限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况:

当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如: Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如: Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如: She is the only person that understands me. 注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如:

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前面的那个人是谁?Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间? 当先行词人与物时。如:Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 当先行词是reason, way(方法)等词时,关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如:She admired the way (that) they solved the questions.

B.which

C.what

D.who

7.I will never forget the fire ______________ happened in Shanghai last year. A.when

B.where

C.what 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】

D.which

考点:考查定语从句。 【详解】

试题分析:句意:我将永远不会忘记去年上海发生的火灾。先行词the fire是物,故其定语从句要用which引导。what不引导定语从句;when先行词是时间;where先行词是地点;根据题意,故选D。

8. -- In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.

-- And another example is F2F______ stands for face to face. A.that 【答案】A 【解析】

试题分析:句意:在短信中,88的意思是再见。——在另一个例子是F2F表示面对面.结合语境可知下文先行词F2F做下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词用that,选A。 考点:考查定语从句

B.who

C.whom

D.it

9.–What are you looking for?

–I’m looking for the storybook you lent to me last week. A.who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

句意“-你正在找什么?-我正在找你上周借给我的故事书”。

本题考查定语从句。A.who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B.which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C.when表示时间,在从句中作状语。本句话中,先行词为the storybook,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故选B。 【点睛】

做定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。

B.which

C.when

10.Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman _________used the special power of the plant to save __________lives. A.which, millions of C.whose, million of

B.who, millions of D.who, million of

【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

句意:青蒿是中国常见的一种植物,而屠呦呦是利用这种植物的特殊力量拯救数百万人生命的女人。考查定语从句的关系代词和数词短语。本句先行词the woman是人,关系词在定语从句中做主语,可知使用关系代词who;短语millions of:数以百万的;故选B。

11.The book ______was written by him is very interesting. A.who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

句意:他写的那本书很有趣。

考查关系代词。A. who代指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;B. whom代指人,在定语从句中做宾语;C. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构,可知本句为定语从句,先行词the book为物,而且从句中缺主语,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which;故答案选C。

B.whom

C.which

D./

12.A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A.whom 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

句意:真正的朋友是一个帮助你并且让你感动的人。考查定语从句的关系词。本句中先行词 person为定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who;结合句意和选项可知选C。 【点睛】

在定语从句中,当先行词是人时,引导词在定语从句中做主语时,引导定语从句的先行词用that或who,引导词在定语从句中做宾语时,引导定语从句的先行词用that或whom,引导词前面有介词时,必须用介词whom。例如,(1) The girl who is singing an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. (2)The person that/whom you talked to just now is Tom’s father.=The person to whom you talked just now is Tom’s father.

在定语从句中,当先行词是物时,引导词在定语从句中做主语时,引导定语从句的先行词用that或which,引导词在定语从句中做宾语时,引导定语从句的先行词用that或which,引导词前面有介词时,必须用介词which。例如,He was reading a book which/that was about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。

在定语从句中,当先行词和后面的名词是所属关系时,用whose引导此定语从句。例如,They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他们住在一间窗户朝南开的房间里。

B.whose

C.who

D.which

13.— Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight? — I’m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people? A.where C.that 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】

B.what D.when

【详解】

句意:--学校英语口语比赛今晚将在哪里举行? --我不确定。是在能容纳300人的大礼堂吗?

where作定语从句的地点状语;when充当定语从句中时间状语;what充当名词性从句中的主语、宾语和表语。此处作为先行词the hall的定语从句,这个定语从句中缺少主语,故用代词that来充当。故选C。

14.That was his first invention. It was a machine ________ clothes. A.that used to wash

C.which got used to washing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

句意:那是他的第一个发明。那是一台用来洗衣服的机器。本题考查的是be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”的用法,而不是be/get used to doing sth. “习惯于做某事”的用法,排除B/C;再由That was his first invention.可知,本题是过去时,因此在that引导的定语从句中,应该用一般过去时的被动句。was used to wash被用来洗衣服,语境是:那是一台被用来洗衣服的机器。故选D。

B.which was used to washing D.that was used to wash

15.According to the survey, women ________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than ________who don’t. A. who; that B. /; these C. who; those D. / ; / 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析:句意为:据调查,每天喝超过两杯咖啡的女人比那些不喝咖啡的女人患心脏疾病的机会大得多。根据语境可知,本题考查的是定语从句的引导词和代词的用法。在定语从句中,引导词由先行词而定,who的先行词指人。此外,这里指的是“喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的那些女人”的比较,代词应用those,表示同名同物,故应选C。 考点:考查引导词和指示代词的用法。

16.We all enjoy reading the story _______ has a happy ending. A.who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

句意:我们都喜欢读有一个幸福结局的故事。这里是定语从句,先行词是the story,是物,关系词用that和which, 先行词是人用who来引导。先行词是人,关系词whom在句中作宾语。根据题意,故选C。 【点睛】

当关系代词指人时,关系代词既可用who,也可以用that.但在以下情况用who. 1.当先行词是persons,people,those时.例如:

Those who are for my plan ,please put up your hands.同意我的计划的人请举手. Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.好争者被轻视. 2.当先行词是he,one,all,any,they等时,例如:

He who has not reached the Great Wall isn't a true man.不到长城非好汉. All who had seen this film were moved.看过这部电影的人都受感动. 3.在非限定性定语从句中用who.例如:

I want him,who knows some English and French.我要他,他懂得些英语和法语. I will pardon you,who are honest.我愿意宽恕你,你是诚实的. 4.在强调句型中多用who,在口语中who可以省略.例如:

I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.我认为你明天应该来这儿. It is he who can do this work.只有他能够干此工作. 在以下情况多用that.例如:

5.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that.例如:

She is not the woman that she used to be.她已经不是过去的她了. China is not the country that it used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了.

B.whom

C.that

D.what

17.When Robinson got to the island,the first thing _________he did was to look for some food. A.who 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析:句意:当鲁滨逊•克鲁索到达岛上时,他做的第一件事就是寻找 一些食物。本题考查定语从句。先行词指物且被序数词first修饰, 故只能选用关系词that。因此C项正确。

考点:考查定语从句。

B.which

C.that

D.What

18.Recently the second season of “A bite of China”(舌尖上的中国II) has become a hit.. I think Chinese are those ___ can cook the most delicious food. A. what B. who C. whose D. Which 【答案】B 【解析】

试题分析:句意:我认为最近舌尖上的中国II已经变的很成功,我认为中国人是那些能做出最美味的食物的人们。这里是定语从句,先行词是those,指人的时候,关系词用who。结合语境,故选B。

考点:考查定语从句的关系词。

19.--- What do you think of him? --- I hate people ____ talk much but do little. A.who 【答案】A 【解析】

本题修饰名词people是一个定语从句,先行词是人,关系词在从句中作主语,故关系词可用who,故本题选A。

B.whom

C.which

D.whose

20.— Jack, where do you work? — I work for a company sells computers. A.which B.where C.what D.who 【答案】A

【解析】试题分析:句意:——杰克,你在哪儿工作?——我在一家卖电脑的公司。which引导的定语从句, 指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语等;where引导表示地点的定语从句;What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句;who引导的定语从句用来修饰人。故选A。

21.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice. A.which were C.that were 【答案】D 【解析】

试题分析:句意:上周我哥哥拍的照片非常漂亮。此处是定语从句修饰先行词the photo,根据时间短语last week可知此处用一般过去时,故排除B项。因为先行词the photo是单数形式,故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。 考点:考查定语从句的用法。

B.that is D.which was

22.— The TV show Running Man is popular recently.

— Yes. It is the only program ________ I watched this month. A.who 【答案】D 【解析】

句意:——电视节目《奔跑吧,兄弟》最近非常受欢迎。——是的。它是这个月我唯一看过的节目。修饰先行词program的定语从句中动词watched缺少主语,故用代词that,故选D。

B.when

C.where

D.that

23.A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school. A.which; when 【答案】A 【解析】

句意:毕业仪式就是当学生们从学校毕业时,举行的一个习惯仪式。结合语境可知前文先行词custom为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词用that或者which。下文从句内容为前文动作发生的逻辑时间状语,故引导词用when,当……时候,选A。 考点:英语从句

B.that; who

C.which; whose

D.that; which

24.Most students enjoy having lessons ____ are interesting and lively. A.that 【答案】A 【解析】

句意:大多数学生喜欢有趣的充满活力的课堂。此句考查定语从句的关联词,what不能引导定语从句,先行词lessons指物,要由that/which来引导,作定语从句的主语,故答案为A。

B.what

C.who

D.whose

25.--- Have you ever seen the film The Shawshank Redemption? ---Yes, and I think it is the best film teaches me a lot. A.that 【答案】A 【解析】

句意:——你看过电影《肖申克的救赎》吗? ——是的,我认为这是一部教我很多的最好的电影。首先分析句子结构,本句中的\"_________ teaches me a lot\"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词是film 指物,在定语从句中作主语,且先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰,因而只能用that来引导后面的定语从句,不能用which。故选A。

B.which

C.what

D./

26.-Do you know the boy father is from Japan? -Yes, his name is Mike. A.whom 【答案】D

B.who

C.which

D.whose

【解析】

句意:——你认识那个其父亲来自日本的男孩吗?——是的,他的名字叫迈克。考查定语从句。先行词the boy是人,不可用指物的which,可排除C。who和whom虽指人,但用于人称,空格后有名词father,所以空格需填表物主的whose。根据句意结构,可知选D。

27.Stephen Hawking ____ wrote A Brief History of Time(时间简史)is a great British scientist. A.who 【答案】A 【解析】

句意:写时间简史的Stephen Hawking是一个伟大的英国科学家。这是一个定语从句,先行词是Stephen Hawking ,是一个人,所以引导词用who;故选A

B.which

C.what

28.- It’s the best time to visit Lianyungang now. - This is the best place _____ I have ever visited. A.where 【答案】B 【解析】

句意:——现在是参观连云港的最佳时间。——这是我去过的最好的地方。考查定语从句。四个选项所示引导词均可引导定语从句,但先行词the best place有最高级best限制,需用that引导,故选B。

B.that

C.which

D.when

29.The photos successfully show the rich culture ______makes Shiyan so famous. A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

句意:这些照片成功地展示了使十堰非常出名的丰富文化氛围。A. what不能作为定语从句的连接词;B. which先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;C. who先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语;D. why引导定语从句时,在句中作原因状语。本句先行词是culture,指物,引导定语从句的关联词只能用which,故答案为B。 【点睛】

在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

B.which

C.who

D.why

2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用,例如:

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

30. Is there anything to you ? A. that is belong B. that belong C. that belongs D. which belongs 【答案】C 【解析】

试题分析:句意:这还有属于你的东西吗?此题考查定语从句,因为是anything是不定代词,故用that,和固定短语belong to属于。belong是个动词,不能和is连用。还有that作主语,应按第三人称单数处理。根据句意,故选C。 【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。

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